Voice 1
Welcome to Spotlight. I’m Liz Waid.
Voice 2
And I’m Bruce Gulland. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
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Voice 1
Alone in her room, a young girl sits down and begins reading a book. The book is a very famous one. It is called “Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry.” It tells the story of Cassie Logan and her family. They live in the United States in the 1930’s. And they are African Americans. In those times, the state of Mississippi had a severe problem with racism. The government allowed people to make life difficult for African Americans, and people with darker skin colour. Often, groups of white men killed black men and women without punishment. It was a very frightening time.
Voice 2
But the young girl does not know this. She knows little about American history. She is growing up many years later, in the 1970’s The situation in the United States has improved. But reading the book helps the young girl understand Cassie Logan’s fear, and her other emotions. The girl reading is white. She lives in a very small town, where there are no black people. But the book helps her see what it is like to be different. When she finishes the book, she is crying. That night, she tells herself she will never judge another person by what they look like. The book has changed her life. Today’s Spotlight is on how reading can help people understand each other.
Voice 1
There is a name for the emotion the girl felt while reading the book. It is empathy. There are two different kinds of empathy. The first lets people sense other people’s emotions. It is what happens when we feel sad because another person is sad. Or it helps us understand that a person is angry, even when they will not say.
Voice 2
The second kind of empathy is called cognitive empathy. This is what happens when a person reads a book. Cognitive empathy happens when a person tries to identify and understand another person’s emotions. Some people even imagine that they are the other person. There is even an old English idiom for cognitive empathy: taking a walk in another person’s shoes. It means to imagine that you have lived their life.
Voice 1
Scientists do not yet know exactly what happens in a person’s brain when they feel empathy. It is a very complex process. But scientists have observed it happening. They believe empathy involves a brain cell called a mirror neuron. These cells work when we observe other people. Mirror neurons send messages through the brain. This is called “firing”. When these cells fire, they help us to identify emotions we see. But the same kind of cell also fires when we HAVE that emotion. So, when we are sad, a mirror cell will fire. But when we see someone who is sad, that same cell fires. We can understand an emotion. And through mirror neurons, we feel that emotion ourselves.
Voice 2
Empathy is very important in society. Without empathy we would not help each other. We would not care for each other. As a feeling, empathy makes us want to help. It makes us want the world to be a better place.
Voice 1
Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. In 2006, he made a speech to the graduates of Northwestern University. He described how empathy influences how people act.
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“Think of a child who is hungry or the steel worker who no longer has a job. Or think of the family whose home was destroyed by a storm. When you have empathy, it does not matter if they are close friends or far-away strangers. It is difficult not to act. It is hard not to help.”
Voice 2
Most people have empathetic feelings. But people can train themselves to be more empathetic. However, this takes work. Meeting people who are different than we are is one way to gain empathy. But distance often divides people. So it is difficult for people to understand each other when they never meet.
Voice 1
Reading may be a solution for this. The girl who read “Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry”, did not know any African Americans. But the book helped her understand the life of a person who was. Cassie Logan was not a real person. But her situation was real. And the girl understood Cassie’s feelings. From the book, the girls learned a little of what it was to be African American. She felt like she could understand.
Voice 2
David Kidd is a psychologist. He studies the science of how people behave. Kidd works at the New School for Social Research in New York. In 2012, he helped show that reading increases empathy. In a test, he made people read different kinds of books. Some of these books were literary fiction, or complex invented stories. These stories made people think about the emotions of the characters in them. After reading these literary fiction books, the people were better able to understand what other people were thinking. And they could more easily identify emotions.
Voice 1
Keith Oatley is another psychologist. He also studies how reading connects to empathy. He tells the Washington Post newspaper,
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“When we read about other people, we can imagine that we are in their position. We can imagine what it’s like being that person. That lets us better understand people and to work together better.”
Voice 2
Many studies say that the effect of reading on empathy only works for complex fictional, or invented, stories. That is because this kind of writing concentrates on a character’s thoughts and feelings. This helps the reader to feel like they are inside the character’s head and thoughts. This produces the effect that leads to empathy.
Voice 1
Today, many scientists believe that books are good tools for increasing empathy. But for readers, and many writers, this is not a new discovery. Together, they have made and explored new worlds and places. They have looked at how different people think, and live. Stories have taken them places they may have never gone before.
Voice 2
Have you ever read a book that changed you? How did it make you feel? Tell us about your experiences. You can leave a comment on our website. Or email us at radio@radioenglish.net. You can also comment on our Facebook page- just search for Spotlight Radio.
Voice 1
The writer of this program was Dan Christmann. The producer was Michio Ozaki. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. All quotes were adapted for this programme and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program again, and read it, on the internet at www.radioenglish.net. This programmed is called “Reading and Understanding.”
Voice 2
Look for our free listening app in the Google Play store and in iTunes. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.
Question:
Have you ever read a book that changed you? How did it make you feel?
I advice anyone arabic person read message fron al Qu’ran, yah man this book its perfect and useful that’s a greatest book for myself
I think that every book we read can influence us, I can’t point to just one. I especially admire the great Russian narrative of the 19th century, but also the French and English ones of the Romantic era of the first half of the century. I have reread some books after many years and I have seen that I remembered some things differently from how I had read them, it means that we interpret reality with our sensitivity that changes over the years. I read very slowly, so I prefer to go to the great classics of the past, rather than risk some disappointment with contemporary literature.
I say thank you to the great writers who, with their stories, involve us, move us, make us better, showing us the beauty of life, in every breath of a beautiful soul.
I also thank Spotlight who always manages to find topics to keep us company and make us think.
yes I had , I felt like tis very important to make a good relationship between a different people with different culture and different thoughts that is will make the person more empathy with each other
Yes I had , I think the best book you should read was a Quran, and the empathy important to make a relationships with different people
Nice topic
Magnifique
Dear Writer,
In this sentence, what is the meaning of the the word “kids” . I think, it is “kinds”
“There are two different kids of empathy”
Thanks for making us aware of our mistake. Well done on your reading and understanding!
I have the experience of reading severak books that have changed my way of understanding the world.
The feeling I have is that it is necessary to be empathetic to other ways of understanding the world.
Some how but this reading actual changed me I suggest somali people to read more books
No I didn’t reading book chang me but I leasing to story about man is not rich but he do things you don’t imagine it was sad and really story
my faworit book is BUTTERFLY
I am not a good reader but after hearing this program about how reading can help me to gain empathy, I will try to read more specially real life stories .
When we live in the same community.we have empathy for other people because we deal with them everyday. So we get an experience without reading books.
March 10, 2025
I am Severino Ramos, I am from Brazil, and I live in São Paulo City
Dear Dan Christmann, Liz Waid, Bruce Gulland, and Michio Ozaki
How are you?
Reading and Understanding
Question 1 – Have you ever read a book that changed you?
Yes, I have.
The Bible!
May I explain the situation that happened when I was a kid?
At that age, I used to go to the Catholic Church together with my grandparents to watch the mass, and the Priest read us Psalm 91. But one Sunday when we were at the Catholic Church singing, it started raining, thundering, and lighting a lot. However, I had a terrible fear from the Thunder and lightning. So I started crying and my grandparents told me ” Please do not cry, you are a little man, you are in God’s house, and God is protecting you and us.
Furthermore, they gave me a bible as a gift and asked me to read Psalm 91 every day before going to bed.
So I have kept that bible with me until now. Therefore, my fear from thunder and lightning disappeared and my belief in God increased.
I grew up and I do not have fear from thunder and lightning anymore.
Question 2 – How did it make you feel?
It made me believe in God more and more, and Psalm 91 increased my belief in God. Also, I learned how to deal with the fear in my life. Thanks my grandparents.
Stay with God
I appreciate it
Severino Ramos
Hi everyone how are you,
I read a lot of books and I found it very amazing,, actually I am a sensitive girl so when I read a book I feel empathy with athers and I put myself in the same place,
Thanks for the good topic.